Plant biology, breeding and genetic engineering

As living multi-cellular organisms, humans and vascular plants share numerous characteristics. Both are made up of cells, tissues and organs, and these cells contain DNA organized in a nucleus and carry out metabolic processes such as respiration and growth. The major differences are the energy source (fixed carbon versus photons) and certain aspects of the mode of reproduction. The following review of first-year university plant biology will prepare us to evaluate the state of the art in the practice of plant variety improvement and the creation of new organisms based on direct modification of DNA.