Grouping Vegetables According to Plant Families
The Umbelliferae family
The Umbelliferae family includes plants whose defining characteristic is the arrangement of their flowers in umbels, hence their name. Some species, such as hemlock, can be poisonous, while others are edible. A few examples: dill, anise, garden angelica, carrots, caraway, celery, chervil, cilantro, cumin, fennel, parsnips, and parsley.
The Lamiaceae family
The Lamiaceae family includes plants with leaves containing many small glands that secrete essential oils, making these plants highly fragrant. That is why many are used in herbal teas (mint, lemon balm), jams (mint), cooking (sage, thyme, savory), perfumes (oregano, lavender), and more. A few examples: basil, catnip, hyssop, lavender, marjoram, white horehound, lemon balm, oregano, rosemary, savory, sage, and thyme.
The Solanaceae family
The Solanaceae family includes herbaceous plants, shrubs, trees, and vines that grow in temperate to tropical regions. A few examples: eggplants, bell peppers, potatoes, tobacco, and tomatoes.
The Asteraceae family
The Asteraceae (or Compositae) family is very large, including nearly 13,000 species, mostly herbaceous plants but also some trees, shrubs, and vines. A few examples: absinthe, artichokes, chamomile, cardoons, chicory, tarragon, lettuce, dandelions, and salsify.
The Brassicaceae family
The Brassicaceae (or Cruciferae) family is characterized by a siliquose fruit and a four-sepaled flower, with four petals in a cross shape and six stamens, including two smaller ones. A few examples: cabbages, watercress, turnips, and radishes.
The Liliaceae family
The Liliaceae family includes plants with leaves that are usually vertical and very long, as well as flowers with six colorful petals. These species can be ornamental or medicinal, or can be eaten or used to make textiles. A few examples: garlic, asparagus, chives, shallots, onions, and leeks.
The Rosaceae family
The Rosaceae family includes herbaceous and woody plants with alternate leaves and either simple or composite flowers, usually pinkish in color. A few examples: strawberries, cherries, raspberries, blackberries, pears, apples, and plums.
The Cucurbitaceae family
The Cucurbitaceae family includes herbaceous plants (and a few very rare shrubs), usually rampant or else climbing, using spiral tendrils. They live in temperate, hot, and tropical regions. A few examples: pumpkins, squash, cucumbers, and melons.
The Chenopodiaceae family
The Chenopodiaceae family includes plants without petals that often grow in soil rich in salts or nitrates. A few examples: Swiss chard, beets, and spinach.
The Fabaceae family
The Fabaceae family, commonly known as pulses, includes herbaceous plants, shrubs, trees, and vines. This family is present in regions that range from cold to tropical. A few examples: beans, peas, lentils, peanuts, soy, and fava beans.
The Poaceae family
The Poaceae family, formerly known as Gramineae, includes nearly 12,000 species in over 700 genera. Most plants that we commonly call “grains” belong to this family, but it also includes other species, such as bamboo. A few examples: corn, rice, wheat, barley, oats, rye, and millet.
| Root | Bulb | Stem | Seed | Flower | Leaf | Fruit | Indeterminate | |
| VEGETABLES | ||||||||
| Garlic | ||||||||
| Artichokes | ||||||||
| Asparagus | ||||||||
| Eggplants | ||||||||
| Avocados | ||||||||
| Chard | ||||||||
| Beets | ||||||||
| Brocoli | ||||||||
| Cardoons | ||||||||
| Carotts | ||||||||
| Celery | ||||||||
| Celeriac | ||||||||
| Button mushrooms | ||||||||
| Chestnuts | ||||||||
| Brussels sprouts | ||||||||
| Cauliflower | ||||||||
| Green cabbage | ||||||||
| Chayotte | ||||||||
| Hearts of palm | ||||||||
| Cucumbers | ||||||||
| Gherkins | ||||||||
| Zucchini | ||||||||
| Shallots | ||||||||
| Endives | ||||||||
| Spinash | ||||||||
| Fennel | ||||||||
| Fava beans | ||||||||
| Flageolet beans | ||||||||
| Ginger | ||||||||
| Bitter beans | ||||||||
| Red kidney beans | ||||||||
| White beans | ||||||||
| Green beans | ||||||||
| Yams | ||||||||
| Lettuce | ||||||||
| Lentils | ||||||||
| Lamb’s lettuce | ||||||||
| Corn | ||||||||
| Melons | ||||||||
| Turnips | ||||||||
| Onion | ||||||||
| Sorrel | ||||||||
| Parsnips | ||||||||
| Sweet potatoes | ||||||||
| Pattypan squash | ||||||||
| Parsley | ||||||||
| Peas | ||||||||
| Dandelion greens | ||||||||
| Leeks | ||||||||
| Chickpeas | ||||||||
| Pepper | ||||||||
| Red kuri squash | ||||||||
| Winter squash | ||||||||
| Purslane | ||||||||
| Radishes | ||||||||
| Black radishes | ||||||||
| Horseradish | ||||||||
| Arugula | ||||||||
| Rutabagas | ||||||||
| Salsify | ||||||||
| Soy | ||||||||
| Tomatoes | ||||||||
| Jerusalem artichokes |